Ashian,
Yes this is possible, you can even create dynamic categories using the DynamicCheckBoxList field type, so that as users create items they can add new categories which will automatically populate on the page. You can put data-category="$myCheckboxToken$" on each of your items so you can see which category they relate to. Then you want to tie in some JavaScript to watch for clicks on the tabs, show the related items, and hide the unrelated items.
Hope this helps.